Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, including those used to treat arthritis, work by targeting specific molecules and pathways involved in the sensation of pain and inflammation.

Analgesics like acetaminophen and opioids work mainly by blocking pain signaling in the brain and nervous system. Acetaminophen works specifically on the COX-2 enzyme, reducing its ability to produce pain signals in the body, while opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to block the transmission of pain signals.

Anti-inflammatory drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation in the body 12. NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, work by blocking the activity of the COX enzymes that produce prostaglandins, hormone-like chemicals that cause pain and inflammation. This reduces pain and inflammation in the affected tissues. Corticosteroids like prednisone work by suppressing the immune system’s response to inflammation, which in turn reduces swelling, pain, and stiffness.

Anti-arthritis drugs are a type of anti-inflammatory drug that specifically target inflammation in the joints. For example, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) work by suppressing the immune system’s attack on the joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Biologic medications like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors target specific proteins that cause inflammation in the joints, reducing joint pain and swelling.

It’s important to note that these medications can have side effects and risks, and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider. It’s also important to note that in some cases, these types of drugs may not be effective for all patients or may need to be used in combination with other treatments